一、防伪、防伪技术、防伪产品、产品防伪的一般概念
①防伪，是指对以欺骗为目的且未经所有权人准许而进行仿制或复制的活动面采取的预防措施。
②防伪技术，是指为了达到防伪目的而采取的在一定范围内能准确鉴别真伪并不易被仿制和复制的技术。
③防伪产品，是以防伪为目的而采用了防伪技术制成的，具有防伪功能的产品。
④产品防伪，一般指工业产品和消费产品在防止假冒、伪造、仿造等方面所采用的各种防伪措施。产品防伪在防止产品被伪造或假冒、鉴别产品真伪方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，它是从源头确保国家经济秩序、生产者和消费者权益的重要措施，是以技术手段维护社会经济秩序、保证社会稳定的重要领域。产品防伪不仅是政府对假冒伪劣产品进行打防结合、综合治理指导思想的重要体现，更是广大企业保护自身合法权益的客观需要。产品防伪行业正是在规范市场经济秩序、遏制假冒伪劣产品中不断壮大发展起来的。
二、防伪技术和防伪产品的基本分类
1、常见防伪技术主要有：
①计算机信息防伪技术：如目前非常流行的数码防伪技术、电子射频技术等；
②印刷防伪技术：如先进的印刷版纹设计、双卡技术、全息激光制版技术等；
③物理材料防伪技术：如核孔膜、水印填埋、安全线填埋等；
④化学材料防伪技术：如各种化学加密型油墨、化学制剂等防伪技术；
⑤人体和生物特征防伪技术：如人体指纹识别、DNA识别、人眼虹膜识别等。
2、防伪产品按功能和使用特性，目前可归纳为六大类：
①防伪标识；
②结构与包装防伪产品；
③防伪材料（如防伪纸、防伪膜、防伪油墨等）；
④计算机多媒体防伪产品；
⑤生物特征防伪技术产品；
⑥其它防伪技术产品。
三、防伪技术或防伪产品的基本要求
在世界上，我国曾是第一次提出了防伪技术产品八个通用技术要求的国家。
1、身份的唯一性
防伪技术产品防伪识别特征的惟一性和不可转移性。例如数码防伪，做到一件商品的防伪标识一个身份码，每一个防伪标识只能一次性使用，不能转移使用。
2、稳定期
在正常使用条件下，防伪技术产品的防伪识别特征可持续保持的最短时间。例如荧光油墨和温变油墨，有衰减期。
3、安全期
在正常使用条件下，防伪技术产品的防伪识别特征被成功仿制的最短时间。
4、防伪力度
识别真伪、防止假冒伪造功能的持久性与可靠程度。防伪力度由防伪识别特征的数量、防伪技术独占性的数量、防制难度和仿制成本大小4要素构成。
5、使用适应性
防伪技术产品的防伪识别特征能与标的物或服务对象使用要求相适应的能力。同时还应考虑经济成本适应性，即在满足防伪技术要求同时应尽可能降低使用成本。
6、识别性能
防伪技术产品的防伪识别特征能通过感官或机器（仪器）在要求的识别时间内正确识别。一线识别强调防伪识别特征的大众共知性，通过感官即能识别；二线识别强调通过简单仪器（如电话通讯工具、网络工具、激光笔、紫外荧光灯等）即能识别；三线识别强调通过专用仪器（如DNA鉴定）由专家识别，作为司法判定的依据。二线识别与三线识别强调防伪识别特征的隐含性。
7、使用环境
防伪技术产品的防伪性能应能满足标的物的正常使用环境要求。
8、技术安全保密性
设计、制作防伪技术产品的技术应具有安全保密性。
I. General concepts of anti - counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting technology, anti-counterfeiting products and anti-counterfeiting products
( 1 ) Anti - counterfeiting refers to preventive measures taken against activities aimed at cheating and copied or copied without the permission of the owner.
( 2 ) Anti - counterfeiting technology refers to the technology adopted to achieve anti-counterfeiting purpose, which can accurately identify authenticity within a certain range and is not easy to be copied and copied.
③ Anti - counterfeiting products are products with anti-counterfeiting function, which are made with anti-counterfeiting technology for the purpose of anti - counterfeiting.
( 4 ) Anti - counterfeiting of products generally refers to various anti-counterfeiting measures adopted by industrial products and consumer products in preventing counterfeiting, forgery and imitation. Product anti-counterfeiting is playing an increasingly important role in preventing products from being forged or counterfeited and in identifying the authenticity of products. It is an important measure to ensure national economic order, the rights and interests of producers and consumers from the source, and an important field to maintain social and economic order and ensure social stability by technical means. Product anti-counterfeiting is not only an important embodiment of the government's guiding ideology of combining anti-counterfeiting with anti-counterfeiting and comprehensive management, but also an objective need for enterprises to protect their legitimate rights and interests. The product anti-counterfeiting industry is growing and developing in order to standardize the market economic order and curb fake and shoddy products.
II. Anti - counterfeiting technology and basic classification of anti-counterfeiting products
1. Common anti-counterfeiting technologies mainly include:
( 1 ) computer information anti-counterfeiting technology: such as digital anti-counterfeiting technology and electronic radio frequency technology, which are very popular at present;
② Printing anti-counterfeiting technology: such as advanced printing plate design, double card technology, holographic laser plate making technology, etc.
( 3 ) physical material anti-counterfeiting technology: such as nuclear hole film, watermark filling, safety line filling, etc.
④ Anti - counterfeiting technology of chemical materials: anti-counterfeiting technology such as various chemical encryption inks and chemical preparations;
⑤ Anti - counterfeiting technology for human and biological features: such as human fingerprint identification, DNA identification, human iris identification, etc.
2. Anti - counterfeiting products can be classified into six categories according to their functions and usage characteristics:
( 1 ) anti-counterfeiting mark;
② Structure and packaging anti-counterfeiting products;
( 3 ) anti-counterfeiting materials ( such as anti-counterfeiting paper, anti-counterfeiting film, anti-counterfeiting ink, etc. );
④ Computer multimedia anti-counterfeiting products;
( 5 ) biometric anti-counterfeiting technology products;
⑥ Other anti-counterfeiting technology products.
Three, the basic requirements of anti-counterfeiting technology or anti-counterfeiting products
In the world, China was the first country to put forward eight general technical requirements for anti-counterfeiting technology products.
1. Uniqueness of Identity
The uniqueness and non-transferability of anti-counterfeiting identification features of anti-counterfeiting technology products. For example, digital anti-counterfeiting can achieve an identity code for an anti-counterfeiting mark of a commodity, and each anti-counterfeiting mark can only be used once and cannot be transferred for use.
2. Stabilization period
Under normal use conditions, the anti-counterfeiting identification features of anti-counterfeiting technology products can last for the shortest time. For example, fluorescent ink and temperature change ink have decay periods.
3. Safety Period
Under normal use conditions, the shortest time for the anti-counterfeiting identification features of anti-counterfeiting technology products to be successfully copied.
4. Anti - counterfeiting strength
The durability and reliability of the function of identifying authenticity and preventing counterfeiting and forgery. The anti-counterfeiting strength consists of four elements: the number of anti-counterfeiting identification features, the number of exclusive anti-counterfeiting technologies, the difficulty of prevention and control, and the size of imitation cost.
5. Use adaptability
The ability of anti-counterfeiting identification features of anti-counterfeiting technology products to adapt to the use requirements of the subject matter or service object. At the same time, economic cost adaptability should also be considered, i.e. the use cost should be reduced as much as possible while meeting the anti-counterfeiting technical requirements.
6. Identification performance
The anti-counterfeiting identification features of anti-counterfeiting technology products can be correctly identified by senses or machines ( instruments ) within the required identification time. First - line recognition emphasizes the common understanding of anti-counterfeiting recognition features, which can be recognized through the senses. Second - line recognition emphasizes that it can be recognized by simple instruments ( such as telephone communication tools, network tools, laser pens, ultraviolet fluorescent lamps, etc. ); Three - line identification emphasizes that experts can identify it by special instruments ( such as DNA identification ) as the basis for judicial decision. Two - line recognition and three-line recognition emphasize the hidden nature of anti-counterfeiting recognition features.
7. Operating environment
The anti-counterfeiting performance of anti-counterfeiting technology products should meet the requirements of the normal use environment of the subject matter.
8. Technical security and confidentiality
The technology of designing and manufacturing anti-counterfeiting technology products should have security and confidentiality.
